RSM logo
Experimental Biology and Medicine

Home Current issue Browse archive Alerts About the journal Feedback
 
Exp. Biol. Med. 2006;231:514-521
© 2006 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Singh, M.
Right arrow Articles by Simpkins, J. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

MINIREVIEW

Novel Mechanisms for Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection

Meharvan Singh*1, James A. Dykens{dagger} and James W. Simpkins*

* Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107; and {dagger} EyeCyte Therapeutics, San Diego, California 92024

1 Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107. E-mail: msingh{at}hsc.unt.edu

Estrogens are gonadal steroid hormones that are present in the circulation of both males and females and that can no longer be considered within the strict confines of reproductive function. In fact, the bone, the cardiovascular system, and extrahypothalamic regions of the brain are now well-established targets of estrogens. Among the numerous aspects of brain function regulated by estrogens are their effects on mood, cognitive function, and neuronal viability. Here, we review the supporting evidence for estrogens as neuroprotective agents and summarize the various mechanisms that may be involved in this effect, focusing particularly on the mitochondria as an important target. On the basis of this evidence, we discuss the clinical applicability of estrogens in treating various age-related disorders, including Alzheimer disease and stroke, and identify the caveats that must be considered.

Keywords: estrogen, estradiol, neuroprotection, cytoprotection, mitochondria, signaling pathways

Some of the studies described in this review were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AG 010485 to J.W.S., AG 022550 to J.W.S. and M.S., and AG 023330 to M.S.).


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 NeurologyHome page
T. F. Hughes, A. R. Borenstein, E. Schofield, Y. Wu, and E. B. Larson
Association between late-life body mass index and dementia: The Kame Project
Neurology, May 19, 2009; 72(20): 1741 - 1746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
S. Arnold, G. W. de Araujo, and C. Beyer
Gender-specific regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission gene transcription and viability of cortical astrocytes by steroid hormones
J. Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2008; 41(5): 289 - 300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
F. J. Bode, M. Stephan, H. Suhling, R. Pabst, R. H. Straub, K. A. Raber, M. Bonin, H. P. Nguyen, O. Riess, A. Bauer, et al.
Sex differences in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease: decreased 17{beta}-estradiol levels correlate with reduced numbers of DARPP32+ neurons in males
Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 2008; 17(17): 2595 - 2609.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. M. Flynn, S. D. Dimitrijevich, M. Younes, G. Skliris, L. C. Murphy, and P. R. Cammarata
Role of wild-type estrogen receptor-{beta} in mitochondrial cytoprotection of cultured normal male and female human lens epithelial cells
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2008; 295(3): E637 - E647.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
A. Razmara, L. Sunday, C. Stirone, X. B. Wang, D. N. Krause, S. P. Duckles, and V. Procaccio
Mitochondrial Effects of Estrogen Are Mediated by Estrogen Receptor {alpha} in Brain Endothelial Cells
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2008; 325(3): 782 - 790.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. M. Wang, L. Liu, and R. D. Brinton
Estradiol-17 -Induced Human Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Is Mediated by an Estrogen Receptor -Phosphorylated Extracellularly Regulated Kinase Pathway
Endocrinology, January 1, 2008; 149(1): 208 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. Nilsen, R. W. Irwin, T. K. Gallaher, and R. D. Brinton
Estradiol In Vivo Regulation of Brain Mitochondrial Proteome
J. Neurosci., December 19, 2007; 27(51): 14069 - 14077.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
A. Tatsioni, N. G. Bonitsis, and J. P. A. Ioannidis
Persistence of Contradicted Claims in the Literature
JAMA, December 5, 2007; 298(21): 2517 - 2526.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
J. H. Morrison, R. D. Brinton, P. J. Schmidt, and A. C. Gore
Estrogen, Menopause, and the Aging Brain: How Basic Neuroscience Can Inform Hormone Therapy in Women
J. Neurosci., October 11, 2006; 26(41): 10332 - 10348.
[Full Text] [PDF]