© 2001 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
Tracy S. Herrmann,
Michelle L. Bean,
Tracy M. Black,
Ping Wang and
Rosalind A. Coleman1
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
Morning serum leptin values in humans are inconsistently alteredby diet, and the molecular mechanisms controlling the diurnalleptin pattern remain unexplained. We determined whether leptinvalues after meals or the leptin diurnal pattern was alteredby the type of carbohydrate (CHO) ingested in diets containingeither 20% or 30% fat. In a randomized, crossover study design,nine healthy lean adults ate one of four isocaloric diets for8 days. Diets contained 15% protein: A, high glycemic index(GI) CHO, 30% fat; B, low GI CHO, 30% fat; C, high GI CHO, 20%fat; and D, low GI CHO, 20% fat. Serum glucose, insulin, andleptin were measured at intervals on Day 8 for 24 hr, and onDay 9 during an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). Althoughthe 24-hr glucose and insulin profiles did not differ with thediets, diets A and C altered the serum leptin diurnal pattern.In contrast to the usual evening rise in leptin concentration,which begins after 2200 hr, diets A and C caused a rise in leptinbeginning at 1300 hr. The area under the curve for leptin between1230 and 2400 hr was 17% greater for diets A and C. During theGTT, leptin concentrations were similar for each diet. Theseresults suggest that the pattern and amount of leptin secretionmay be altered by high GI CHO or the simple sugar content ofthe diet, unrelated to differences in insulin concentration,that high GI foods may have little or no effect on serum insulinin the context of a mixed meal, and that a single 0800-hr leptinvalue may not be sufficient to reveal a diet-induced changein leptin secretion
Keywords: leptin, insulin, glucose, high glycemic index carbohydrate, satiety, sucrose, diurnal rhythm
This study was supported by a grant from Mars, Inc. and by GeneralClinical Research Center (grant M01 RR00046) and Clinical NutritionResearch Center (grant DK56350) from the National Institutesof Health
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, CB #7400, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. E-mail: rcoleman{at}unc.edu
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