© 2002 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE ROLE OF TOMATO PRODUCTS AND CAROTENOIDS IN DISEASE PREVENTION |
Phyllis Bowen1*¶,
Longwen Chen*,
Maria Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis*,
Claudine Duncan*,
Roohollah Sharifi,
Luna Ghosh,
Hyung-Sook Kim*,
Konstantin Christov-Tzelkov and
Richard van Breemen¶
* Departments of Human Nutrition,
Urology,
Pathology,
Surgical Oncology, and
¶ Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois and Westside Veterans’ Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
As part of a randomized placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on DNA damage in men with prostate cancer, a nonrandomized 5th arm using tomato sauce was included and reported here. Thirty-two patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma consumed tomato sauce-based pasta dishes for 3 weeks (30 mg of lycopene/day) before their scheduled radical prostatectomy. Prostate tissue was obtained as biopsies at baseline and as resected tissue at the time of the prostatectomy. Serum and prostate lycopene, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, and leukocyte DNA 8-OH-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Cancer cells in paraffin sections of prostate biopsies and postintervention resected tissue were compared for 8OHdG staining and for apoptosis. Adherence to the daily consumption of tomato-based entrees was 81.6% of the intended dose, and serum and prostate lycopene concentrations increased 1.97- and 2.92-fold (P < 0.001), respectively. Mean serum PSA concentrations decreased by 17.5% (P < 0.002) and leukocyte 8OHdG decreased by 21.3% (P < 0.005) after tomato sauce consumption. Resected tissues from tomato sauce-supplemented patients had 28.3% lower prostate 8OHdG compared with the nonstudy control group (P < 0.03). Cancer cell 8OHdG staining of Gleason Score-matched resected prostate sections was reduced by 40.5% in mean nuclear density (P < 0.005) and by 36.4% in mean area (P < 0.018) comparedwith the presupplementation biopsy. Apoptotic index was higherin hyperplastic and neoplastic cells in the resected tissueafter supplementation. These data taken as a whole indicatesignificant uptake of lycopene into prostate tissue and a reductionin DNA damage in both leukocyte and prostate tissue. Whetherreduction in DNA damage to prostate cancer cells is beneficialawaits further research, although reduction in serum PSA concentrationsis promising.
Keywords: prostate cancer, lycopene isomers, tomatoes, 8 hydroxydeoxyguanosine, prostate-specific antigen, DNA damage, apoptosis
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed at Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, m/c 517, 1919 West Taylor Street, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail: pbowen{at}uic.edu
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